Introduction to hiv pdf

Basic presentation hivaids for use by students, teachers and the public seeking basic information about hiv aids. The official start of the epidemic occurred in the. Introduction to hiv, aids and sexually transmitted infection. Objectives define and understand the difference between hiv infection and aids describe the progression of hiv. Chapter 1 introduction to hivaids substance abuse treatment. The present session aims to provide learners with basic facts about hiv, modes of hiv transmission, ways to prevent hiv infection and clarify related myths and misconceptions. Hiv is a virus spread through certain body fluids that attacks the bodys immune system, specifically the. Hiv is a virus that targets and alters the immune system, increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases. Brief summary of localnationalregional epidemiology of hiv. Hiv exempted from traditional public health practices such as contact tracing and partner notification. The paediatric hiv treatment initiative 11 was established to overcome intellectual property barriers that prevented individual drugs manufactured by different companies from being. How hiv is transmitted how hiv is not transmitted hiv cases in africa nutrition and hiv aids anorexia diarrhea fever nauseafrequent vomiting thrush anemia other nutritional impacts of hiv.

The possibility of hiv transmission from mother to child can be reduced to the minimum by taking medical help right from conception onwards. Introduction to hiv, aids and sexually transmitted infection surveillance overview of the hiv aids epidemic with an introduction to public health surveillance participant manual february 2011 edition. Introduction ealth department hiv prevention programs and the medical providers they support offer a range of vital prevention servicesincluding hiv preexposure prophylaxis prep access services, linkage to care services, adherence counseling and hiv. The goals of second generation hiv surveillance are to help countries better understand the hiv epidemic trends over time, to better understand the behaviours driving the epidemic, to focus on. Introduction to respondentdriven sampling world health organization. Injection drug use idu was identified as a direct route of hiv infection and transmission among injection drug users. However, hiv pcr may not be reliable in detecting hiv.

Hiv pcr is used to test for hiv after a potential hiv exposure, but before antibodies have developed. Hiv is spread through contact with the blood, semen, preseminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, or breast milk of a person with hiv. Hiv is spread mainly through exposure to semen, vaginal fluid, anal fluid, blood, or breast milk from a person who is hiv positive. In the united states, hiv is spread mainly by having anal or vaginal sex or sharing injection drug equipment, such as needles, with a person who has hiv.

Testing and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases stds can be an effective tool in preventing the spread of hiv, the virus. The first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids were reported in the united states in the spring of 1981. Overview of the hivaids epidemic with an introduction to public. Hiv surveillance training manuals our team focuses on developing surveillance tools that can be locally adapted and used to produce highquality, reliable data that will inform policy and programs to improve the health of hiv. Although the overall framework of the modules is the same, each region has different patterns of hiv epidemics. Today, someone diagnosed with hiv and treated before the disease is far advanced can live nearly as long as someone who does not have hiv. The role of std prevention and treatment in hiv prevention. Introduction to hiv, aids and sexually transmitted. Introduction to hiv and aids overview of the pandemic from the national library of medicine abridged by page 3 of 40 anal, vaginal, or oral sex. Since then the number of people infected with hiv has increased rapidly throughout the world. Health behavior change models for hiv prevention and aids care. Antihiv also called antiretroviral medications are used to control the reproduction of the virus and to slow or halt the progression of hivrelated disease. Because infants may have their mothers antibodies in their blood confounding the hiv antibody test, hiv pcr is also useful for them.

Major scientific challenges for both hiv infected and hiv uninfected individuals confront the future of the management of hiv. People with hiv can enjoy a long and healthy life by taking antiretroviral treatment which is effective and available to all. More than three decades after the first cases were reported, hiv is still a leading cause of death and a health threat to millions worldwide. Unicef s work focuses on involving young people themselves in the design and implementation of strategies to curb the spread. At the end of 2004, 20 million people had been killed by it, and twice that number are currently infected with hiv. The national hiv curriculum is an aids education and training center aetc program supported by the health resources and services administration hrsa of the u.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemiology middle east africa, northern 2. Practical recommendations for a multilevel approach michelle r. Hiv surveillance training manuals global health sciences. Module 1 introduction to hivaids wired internationalmedical.

Aids is a reportable disease in all 50 states, but requirements for reporting vary support for hiv exceptionalism is waning as effective therapy became available and hiv. Although the overall framework of the modules is the same, each region has different patterns of hiv epidemics and distinct social and cultural contexts. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome aids is caused by a chronic infection with the hiv. In addition, art is highly effective at preventing hiv transmission. Health behavior change models for hiv prevention and aids. When hiv infects a cell, it combines with that cells genetic material and may lie inactive for years. Hivaids has become the most widely talked about condition in history. By 1983 the human immunodeficiency virus hiv, the virus that causes aids, had been isolated. Before the introduction of art in the mid1990s, people with hiv could progress to aids in just a few years. As the virus spreads, more and more thelper cells are destroyed causing your immune system to become weaker and weaker. Recommendations regarding hiv screening in pregnancy, treatment of pregnant women who are living with hiv, and the use of antiretroviral arv drugs to prevent perinatal transmission of hiv. The learners will be able to understand the different modes of hiv transmission. As discussed in chapter 8, control of the pandemic demands a twofront battle.

Page number 7 introduction purpose audience how to use this guide module 1. Hiv chemotherapy has been a major medical accomplishment over the past 2 decades and has dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality of those with access to care. Bswe005 introduction to hivaids solved assignment 2019. Introduction to hiv aids and sexually transmitted infection surveillance. Before the introduction of art in the mid1990s, people with hiv could progress to aids the last stage of hiv infection in a few years. It attaches itself to the thelper cells in your immune system and begins to reproduce itself. Introduction hiv aids was first identified in the early 1980s.

This is evidenced by the disproportionate impact of the epidemic on women, especially in subsaharan africa, where the feminization of aids is most visible. However, hiv pcr may not be reliable in detecting hiv in all infected patients. For many, hiv is now a longterm chronic condition and with decreased mortality, patient requirements and disease patterns have changed, making it increasingly apparent to health care professionals that the treatment of hiv. If a member in a family has hiv, all other members have the possibility of harboring hiv. The hiv virus gets introduced into your body through blood to blood contact, through a break in the skin. Hiv aids notable exceptions are argentina, brazil, and mexico, which provide universal coverage for antiretroviral therapy. Similar training modules have been developed for whos african, americas, european and southeast asia regions. The human immunodeficiency virus or hiv virus as it is commonly known is a unique type of virus a retrovirus. Contents bswe005 introduction to hiv aidssolved assignment 201920bswe005 solved assignment 201920 bswe005 introduction to hiv aids solved assignment 201920 english download pdf hindi download pdf title name bswe005 solved assignment 201920 university ignou service type solved assignment soft copy pdf.